ULOGA PROBIOTIKA U PRIMARNOJ PREVENCIJI ATOPIJSKIH BOLESTI - KAD JE PRAVO VREME?
Ključne reči:
probiotici, alergijske bolesti, prevencijaApstrakt
Sa prevalencom većom od 30%, alergijske bolesti predstavljaju najčešće hronične bolesti u dečijem i adolescentskom uzrastu. Etiopatogeneza alergijskih bolesti je su multifaktorijlana, što znači da u njihovom nastanku učesvuju kako genetski tako i faktori životne sredine. Patogeneza atopijski bolesti počinje u najranijim detinjstvu slobodno možemo reći još in utero.Mikrobiom ima zasigurno jednu od glavnih uloga u etiopatogenezi atopijskih bolesti. Epidemiološke studije su pokazale da se mikrobita dece sa sklonošću za razvoj alergijskih bolesti razlikuje od mikrobiote zdrave dece. Iz svega prethodno pomenutog jasno je da se sa prevencijom alergijskih bolesti mora započeti što ranije, najbolje još prenatalno.Dobre bakterije ne treba samo savetovati tokom trudnoće već i u prvim mesecima, pa čak i godinama života kod dece koja su u visokom riziku. Rana intervencija je presudna za zaustavljanje “atopijskog marša” i sprečavanje alergija. Brojne studije su pokazale da upravo primena probiotika (živih mikoorganizama - dobrih bakterija) ima za cilj promenu sastava intestinalne mikrobiote u pravcu pre svega povećanja broja bakterija iz roda Lactobacillus rhamnosus i reuteri, i roda Bifidobacterium lactis za koje se smatra da imaju protektivni efekat na razvoj alergija. Kontraverzi rezultati se sa druge strane mogu objasniti velikom heterogenošću obuhvaćenih studija. Jedno je sigurno nisu svi probiotici podjednako efikasni za sve oblike alergijski bolesti. Zadatak nekih istraživanja u perspektivi će sigurno biti personalizovana primena probitika usklađena sa uzrastom i potrebama pacijenata.
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