ASTMA U ADOLESCENCIJI
Ključne reči:
adolescencija, astma, adherencijaApstrakt
Uvod: Sa globalnom prevalencijom od 6,9% astma predstavlja jedno od najčešćih hroničnih oboljenja u adolescenciji. Zbog jedinstvenih psihofizičkih promena, izuzetno je važno sprečiti i lečiti astmu kod adolescenata na adekvatan i na vreme.
Cilj: Svrha ovog pregleda je da posebno proceni kliničke podatke o adolescentima sa astmom, fokusirajući se na fiziološke promene kod adolescenata i njihov uticaj na razvoj i ozbiljnost astme. Daljnji cilj ovog pregleda je identifikovanje determinanti pridržavanja.Cilj: Obavljena je kompletna pretraga Centralnog registra kontrolisanih suđenja u Cochrane-u u Cochrane biblioteci, MEDLINE i Pub Med-u do januara 2020. godine. Ključne reči koje su korišćene bile su „adolescencija, astma, faktori rizika, adherenca“. Primenjeno je ograničenje engleskog jezika.
Rezultati: Adolescenti sa astmom su pod povećanim rizikom za razvoj psihičkih poremećaja kao što su depresija i anksioznost, dijabetes melitus, gojaznost, kardiovaskularne i endokrinološke bolesti. Komorbidnosti, pojedinačne ili povezane sa faktorima rizika, dodatno povećavaju prevalenciju, morbiditet i smrtnost adolescencije sa astmom. Podrška lekara, roditelja i starosno sposobnih pojedinaca izuzetno je važna za adolescente sa astmom. Ovo je pravi trenutak kada bi trebali preuzeti kontrolu nad svojim životom, a samim tim i nad astmom. Od velike je važnosti usvajanje zdravog načina života; izvođenje umjerene fizičke aktivnosti, zdravih prehrambenih navika, kao i razvijanje dobrih i stabilnih socijalnih i emocionalnih veza. U cilju postizanja dobre kontrole nad astmom potrebno je da adolescenti steknu saznanja o svojoj bolesti i strogo slede plan lečenja i izbegnu sve faktore rizika koji mogu doprineti pogoršanju njihovog stanja.
Zaključak: Poseban fenotip astme kod adolescenata zahteva poseban pristup. Strategija lečenja uvek mora da podrazumeva perspektivu adolescencije
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