PRENATALNA I POSTNATALNA IZLOŽENOST DUVANSKOM DIMU KAO RIZIK OD BRONHIOLITISA U DETINJSTVU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46793/PP250206011BKljučne reči:
odojče, bronhiolitis, duvanski dim, trudnoća, rizik faktorApstrakt
Uvod: Akutni bronhiolitis je najčešće oboljenje donjih disajnih puteva kod dece u prvoj godini života i čest razlog za hospitalizaciju male dece u zimskom periodu. U 75% slučajeva izazvano je respiratornim sincicijalnim virusom (RSV). Teži klinički tok akutnog bronhiolitisa se očekuje kod dece mlađeg uzrasta, dece rođene pre termina i odojčadi sa pridruženim bolestima. Izloženost duvanskom dimu je svetski zdravstveni problem i smatra se faktorom rizika za zdravlje trudnica i dece, posebno respiratornog morbiditeta tokom prve godine života. Rađene su značajne studije širom sveta o efektu prenatalnog, putem pasivnog i aktivnog pušenja kod majke, na razvoj teškog bronhiolitisa u ranom detinjstvu.
Cilj: Utvrditi da li postoji povezanost izloženosti duvanskom dimu majke, prenatalno i postnatalno, na razvoj bronhiolitisa kod dece na na teritoriji opštine Doljevac uzrasta do godinu dana.
Metodologija: Ispitivanu grupu činilo je 80 deteta, 36 dečaka i 44 devojica, uzrasta do 1 godine prosečne starosti 8,2 meseca, sa dijagnostifikovanim bronhiolitisom u periodu od oktobra 2024 do januara 2025. godine. Popunjavan je anketni list od strane majki, podaci su prikupljeni i statistički obrađeni u cilju utvrđivanja povezanosti dobijenih rezultata.
Rezultati: Od ukupnog broja ispitivane dece sa bronhiolitisom uzrasta do godinu dana, utvrđeno je da su kod 48 (60%) dece sa bronhiolitisom, majke tokom trudnoće i na dalje konzumirale duvan, dok 32 (40%) njih nije. Kod 65 (81,25%) dece sa bronhiolitisom bila je utvrđena pasivna izloženost duvanskom dimu majke u trudnoći od strane ukućana, dok kod 15 (18,75%) nije bilo povezanosti.
Zaključak: Naši rezultati potvrđuju štetne efekte pasivnog i aktivnog pušenja cigareta tokom trudnoće za respiratorno zdravlje novorođenčadi i odojčadi jer izloženost duvanskom dimu u prenatalnom periodu značajno povećava rizik za nastanak bronhiolitisa u prvoj godini života. Strategije za sprečavanje pasivnosti izloženosti dimu kod male dece i trudnica je hitan prioritet javnog i dečijeg zdravlja.
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