OPORAVAK SRČANE FREKVENCIJE - KORISTAN BIOMARKER KARDIOVASKULARNOG ZDRAVLJA
Ključne reči:
kardiovaskularni rizik, procena, zamor, sportistiApstrakt
Vreme potrebno srcu da smanji frekvencu nakon intenzivnog fizičkog napora, najčešće mereno u prvom ili drugom minutu predstavlja oporavak srčane frekvencije (HRR). Njime se može jednostavno i prilično tačno detektovati disfunkcija autonomnog nervnog sistema, a koja nosi rizik za naprasnu srčanu smrt. Pad srčane frekvence manji od 22 otkucaja u minuti smatra se niskom vrednošću i povezan je sa povećanim procentom smrtnosti. Određivanje oporavka srčane frekvence nalazi primenu i u dečjoj populaciji, za određivanje kardiovaskularnog rizika i razumevanje ranog razvoja metaboličkih abnormalnosti kod gojazne dece. Procena oporavka srčane frekvence kao biomarkera u sportsko-medicinskoj praksi može naći primenu u preparticipacionom skriningu, detekciji nekih srčanih oboljena i sindroma pretreniranosti. Uzimajući u obzir podatak da je rizik od aritmija i iznenadne srčane smrti povećan tokom, i posle intenzivne fizičke aktivosti naročito kod pojedinaca sa asimptomatskim srčanim oboljenjima, procena oporavka srčane frekvece može biti korisna za procenu kardiovaskularnog zdravlja sportista. Sportista trenira kako bi postigao što bolju performansu, a to postiže povećanjem opterećenja tokom trenažnog pocesa. Međutim, ako je opterećenje ekstremno može doći do razvoja sindroma pretreniranosti. Redovnim monitoringom ovog parametra, sportisti mogu da prate pomene u statusu utreniranosti. Kako rezultati brojnih istraživanja potvrđuju značaj određivanja oporavka srčane frekvence, rutinsko određivanje ovog parametra bi bilo od značaja za svakodnevnu medicinsku praksu.
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