ASTHMA IN ADOLESCENT’S AGES
Keywords:
Adolescent, asthma, adherenceAbstract
Introduction: With global prevalence of 6.9% asthma represents one of the most frequent chronic diseases in adolescence. Owing to unique psychophysical changes, it is exceptionally significant to prevent and treat asthma in adolescents adequately and on time.
Aim: The purpose of this review is to specifically evaluate the clinical data about adolescents with asthma, focusing on physiological changes in adolescents and their impact on asthma development and severity. Further aim of this review is to identify the determinants of adherence.
Objective: A complete search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and Pub Med up to January 2020 was carried out. The key words used were “Adolescent, asthma, risk factors, adherence”. English language restriction was applied.
Results: Adolescents with asthma are under the increased risk of developing psychic disorders such as depression and anxiety, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular and endocrinologic diseases. Comorbidities, single or associated with risk factors, additionally increase the prevalence, morbidity and mortality of adolescence with asthma. The support of a physician, parents and identically aged individuals is exceptionally important to adolescents with asthma. This is the right moment when they should take control over their life, and thus also over asthma. It is highly significant to adopt a healthy lifestyle; performing moderate physical activity, having healthy eating habits as well as developing good and stable social and emotional connections. With the aim of achieving good control over asthma it is necessary for the adolescents to obtain knowledge about their disease and strictly follow the treatment plan and to avoid all risk factors that could contribute to the worsening of their condition.
Conclusion: A particular phenotype of asthma in adolescents requires a special approach. A strategy for treatment must always imply the prospect of adolescence
References
Lai CK1, Beasley R, Crane J, Foliaki S, Shah J, Weiland S; International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three Study Group. Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: phase three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax 2009;64:476-483. doi: 10.1136/thx.2008.106609. Epub 2009 Feb 22.
Gough H, Grabenhenrich L, Reich A, Eckers N, Nitsche O, Schramm D, Beschorner J, Hoffmann U, Schuster A, Bauer CP et lal. Allergic multimorbidity of asthma, rhinitis and eczema over 20 years in the German birth cohort MAS. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015;26: 431–437. doi: 10.1186/s12931-016-0430-8
Haldar P, Pavord ID, Shaw DE, Berry MA, Thomas M, Brightling CE, Wardlaw AJ, Green RH.. Cluster analysis and clinical asthma phenotypes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;178(3):218–224. doi: 10.1164/rccm. 200711-1754OC.
Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Raza A, Scott M, Williams P, Ewart S, Matthews S, Roberts G, Hasan Arshad S. Characterization of asthma that develops during adolescence; findings from the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort. Respir Med 2012;106:329-337.
Grunbaum JA, Kann L, Kinchen S, Ross J, Hawkins J, Lowry R, Harris WA, McManus T, Chyen D, Collins J. Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 2003. MMWR Surveill Summ 2004;53:1–96.
Bender B, and Zhang L. Negative effect, medication adherence, and asthma control in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;122:490-495.
Almqvist C, Worm M, and Leynaert B. Impact of gender on asthma in childhood and adolescence: a GA2LEN review. Allergy 2008;63:47–57. Epub 2007 Sep 5.
Temprano J, and Mannino DM. The effect of sex on asthma control from the National Asthma Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;123:854-860. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.009. Epub 2009
Macsali F1, Real FG, Plana E, Sunyer J, Anto J, Dratva J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Omenaas ER, Zemp E, et al. Early age at menarche, lung function, and adult asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:8–14. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200912-1886OC. Epub 2010 Aug 23.
Al-Sahab B, Hamadeh MJ, Ardern CI, Tamim H. Early menarche predicts incidence of asthma in early adulthood. Am J Epidemiol 2011;173(1):64-70. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwq324. Epub 2010 Oct 29.
Wei J, Gerlich J, Genuneit J, Nowak D, Vogelberg C, von Mutius E, Radon K. Hormonal factors and incident asthma and allergic rhinitis during puberty in girls. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015;115(1):21-27. doi: 10.1016 j.anai. 2015.04.019.
Hong CC, Pajak A, Teitelbaum SL, Vangeepuram N, Galvez M, Pinney SM, Windham G, Kushi LH, Biro FM, Wolff MS; Breast Cancer and Environment Research Program.. Younger pubertal age is associated with allergy and other atopic conditions in girls. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015;25:773–780. doi: 10.1111/pai.12307. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
Forbes L, Jarvis D, and Burney P. Do hormonal contraceptives influence asthma severity? Eur Respir J 1999 ;14:1028-1033.
Salam MT, Wenten M, and Gilliland FD. Endogenous and exogenous sex steroid hormones and asthma and wheeze in young women. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117(5):1001-1007.
Macsali F, Real FG, Omenaas ER, Bjorge L, Janson C, Franklin K, Svanes C. Oral contraception, body mass index, and asthma: a cross-sectional Nordic-Baltic population survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009 ;123(2):391-396. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.10.041.
Erkoçoğlu M, Kaya A, Azkur D, Özyer Ş, Özcan C, Beşli M, Civelek E, Kocabaş CN.. The effect of oral contraceptives on current wheezing in young women. Allergol Immunopathol 2013;41(3):169-175. doi: 10.1016/j.aller. 2012.03.003.
Macsali F, Svanes C, Sothern RB, Benediktsdottir B, Bjørge L, Dratva J, Franklin KA, Holm M, Janson C, Johannessen A, et al. Menstrual cycle and respiratory symptoms in a general Nordic–Baltic population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;187:366–373. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201206-1112OC. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
Protudjer JL, Lundholm C, Bergström A, Kull I2, Almqvist C. The influence of childhood asthma on puberty and height in Swedish adolescents. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015; 26: 474–481.
Ostrom NK, Parsons JP, Eid NS, Craig TJ, Stoloff S, Hayden ML, Colice GL.. Exercise-induced bronchospasm, asthma control, and obesity. Allergy Asthma Proc 2012; 34(4):342-348. doi: 10.2500/aap.2013.34.3674
Langdeau JB, Turcotte H, Bowie DM, Jobin J, Desgagné P, Boulet LP. Airway hyperresponsiveness in elite athletes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:1479-1484.
Silva AC, Vieira RP, Nisiyama M, Santos AB, Perini A, Mauad T, Dolhnikoff M, Martins MA, Carvalho CR.. Exercise inhibits allergic lung inflammation. Int J Sports Med 2012;33:402-409. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1301888.
Haahtela T, Malmberg P, and Moreira A. Mechanisms of asthma in Olympic athletes-practical implications. Allergy 2008;63:685-694. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01686.
Moreira A, Delgado L, Haahtela T, Fonseca J, Moreira P, Lopes C, Mota J, Santos P, Rytilä P, Castel-Branco MG. Physical training does not increase allergic inflammation in asthmatic children. Eur Respir J 2008 ;32:1570-1575. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00171707. Epub 2008 Aug 6.
Weinberger M, and Abu-Hasan M. Pseudo-asthma: When Cough, Wheezing, and Dyspnea Are Not Asthma. Pediatrics 2007;120:855–864.
Cichalewski Ł, Majak P, Jerzyńska J, Stelmach W, Kaczmarek A, Malewska K, Smejda K, Stelmach I.. Prevalence of exercise-induced cough in schoolchildren: a pilot study. Allergy Asthma Proc 2015;36(1):65-69.
Bueso AK, Berntsen S, Mowinckel P, Andersen LF, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Carlsen KH. Dietary intake in adolescents with asthma – potential for improvement. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2011;22: 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01013.x
Guerra S, Wright AL, Morgan WJ, Sherrill DL, Holberg CJ, Martinez FD. Persistence of asthma symptoms during adolescence: role of obesity and age at onset of puberty. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;170:78–85.
Hjellvik V, Tverdal A, and Furu K. Body mass index as predictor for asthma: a cohort study of 118,723 males and females. Eur Respir J 2010;35:1235–1242.
Khan UI, Rastogi D, Isasi CR, Coupey SM. Independent and Synergistic Associations of Asthma and Obesity with Systemic Inflammation in Adolescents. J Asthma 2012;49:1044–1050. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2016.08.025
Garcia-Marcos L, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Weinmayr G, Panagiotakos DB, Priftis KN, Nagel G. Influence of Mediterranean diet on asthma in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013;24:330–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12071
Barros R, Moreira A, Fonseca J, de Oliveira JF, Delgado L, Castel-Branco MG, Haahtela T, Lopes C, Moreira P.. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and fresh fruit intake are associated with improved asthma control. Allergy 2008;63:917-923. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01665
Dai J. Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and oxidative stress. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:1364-1370.
Zbikowski SM, Klesges RC, Robinson LA, Alfano CM. Risk factors for smoking among adolescents with asthma J Adolesc Health 2002;30:(4):279-287.
Ciaccio CE, DiDonna A, Kennedy K, Barnes CS, Portnoy JM, Rosenwasser LJ. Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in low-income children and its association with asthma. Allergy and Asthma Proc 2014 ;35(6):462-466. doi: 10.2500/aap.2014.35.3788
Comhair SA, Gaston BM, Ricci KS, Hammel J, Dweik RA, Teague WG, Meyers D, Ampleford EJ, Bleecker ER, Busse WW, et al. Detrimental Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Relation to Asthma Severity. PLoS ONE 2011;6:e18574.
Mackay D, Haw S, Ayres JG, Fischbacher C, Pell JP. Smoke-free Legislation and Hospitalizations for Childhood Asthma. N Eng J Med 2010;363:1139-1145.DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMoa1002861.
Ferrante G, Antona R, Malizia V, Montalbano L, Corsello G, La Grutta S. Smoke exposure as a risk factor for asthma in childhood: a review of current evidence. Allergy and Asthma Proc 2014;35(6):454-61.
Bellanti JA, and Settipane RA. Environmental exposure, allergic disease and asthma: the distinguishing hallmark of allergy-immunology Allergy Asthma Proc 2014;35(6):427-428.
Hulin M, Simoni M, Viegi G, Annesi-Maesano I. Respiratory healthand indoor air pollutants based on quantitative exposure assessments. Eur Respir J 2012;40:1033-1045.
Salvi S. Pollution and allergic airways disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;1:35-41.
Turyk ME, Hernandez E, and Wright RJ. Stressful life events and asthma in adolescents. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008;19:255–263.
Kilpatrick DG, Acierno R, Saunders B, Resnick HS, Best CL, Schnurr PP. Risk factors for adolescent substance abuse and dependence: data from a national sample. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000;68:19–30.
Bender B, Milgrom H, Rand C, Ackerson L. Psychological factors associated with medication nonadherence in asthmatic children. J Asthma 1988;35:347–353.
Wright RJ, Mitchell H, Visness CM, Cohen S, Stout J, Evans R, Gold DR. Community Violence and Asthma Morbidity: The Inner-City Asthma Study. Am J Public Health 2004;94(4):625–632.
Ritz T, Bobb C, and Griffiths C. Predicting asthma control: the role of psychological triggers. Allergy Asthma Proc 2014;35(5):390-397
Kilpeläinen M1, Koskenvuo M, Helenius H, Terho EO. Stressful life events promote the manifestation of asthma and atopic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2002;32(2):256-263.
Bruzzese J-M, Evans D, and Kattan M. School-based asthma programs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124:195–200.
Shankardass K, Jerrett M, Milam J, Richardson J, Berhane K, McConnell R. Social environment and asthma: Associations with crime and No Child Left Behind programs. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011; 65(10): 859–865.
Miller BD, and Wood BL. Psychophysiologic reactivity in asthmatic children: a cholinergically mediated confluence of pathways.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994;33(9):1236-1243.
Bellanti JA, and Settipane RA. Asthma, allergy, and psychiatric disease. Allergy Asthma Proc 2015;36(6):415-417.
Peters TE, and Fritz GK. Psychological considerations of the child with asthma. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2010;19:319–333.
Lu Y, Mak KK, van Bever HP, Ng TP, Mak A, Ho RC. Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents with asthma: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012; 23(8):707-715.
Katon W, Lozano P, Russo J, McCauley E, Richardson L, Bush T.. The prevalence of DSM-IV anxiety and depressive disorders in youth with asthma compared with controls. Adol Health 2007;41:455-465.
Frieri M, O'Connor M, and Nassef M. Asthma, stress, and depression in women. Allergy Asthma Proc 2015;36(4):256-261.
Bender BG. Depression symptoms and substance abuse in adolescents with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007; 99: 319-324.
Kõlves K, Barker E, and De Leo D. Allergies and suicidal behaviors: A systematic literature review. Allergy Asthma Proc 2015; 36(6):433-438.
Thompson M, Kingree J, and Ho C. Associations between delinquency and suicidal behaviors in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2006;36:57–64.
Lehrer JA, Buka S, Gortmaker S, Shrier LA. Depressive symptomatology as a predictor of exposure to intimate partner violence among US female adolescents and young adults. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006; 160:270 –276.
Talamayan KS, Springer AE, Kelder SH, Gorospe EC, Joye KA. Prevalence of overweight misperception and weight control behaviors among normal weight adolescent in the United States. Scientific World Journal 2006;6:365–373.
Nelson DE, Mowery P, Tomar S, Marcus S, Giovino G, Zhao L. Trends in smokeless tobacco use among adults and adolescents in the United States. Am J Public Health 2006;96:897–905.
World Health Organization (WHO). Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. Disease-specific reviews. http://www.who.int/chp/knowledge/publications/adherence_section3.pdf. Accessed June 18, 2015.
Hasegawa K, Brenner BE, Clark S, Camargo CA. Emergency department visits for acute asthma by adults who ran out of their inhaled medications Allergy Asthma Proc 2014;35(3):42-50.
Arellano FM, Arana A, Wentworth CE, Vidaurre CF, Chipps BE. Prescription patterns for asthma medications in children and adolescents with health care insurance in the United States. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2011;22: 469–476.
Lang DM. Severe asthma: Epidemiology, burden of illness, and heterogeneity. Allergy Asthma Proc 2015 Nov;36(6):418-424.
The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), 2012. available from: www.ginasthma.org.
Braido F1, Bousquet PJ, Brzoza Z, Canonica GW, Compalati E, Fiocchi A, Fokkens W, Gerth van Wijk R, La Grutta S, Lombardi C, et al. Specific recommendations for PROs and HRQoL assessment in allergic rhinitis and/or asthma: a GA(2)LEN taskforce position paper. Allergy 2010;65(8):959-968.
Koster ES, Raaijmakers JA, Vijverberg SJ, Maitland-van der Zee AH. Inhaled corticosteroid adherence in paediatric patients: the PACMAN cohort study. Pharmacoepidem Drug Safe 2011;20:1064–1072.
Cohen R, Franco K, Motlow F, Reznik M, Ozuah PO. Perceptions and attitudes of adolescents with asthma. J Asthma 2003;40:207–211.
Ferreira-Magalhães M, Pereira AM, Sousa AS, Morais-Almeida M, Azevedo I, Azevedo LF, Fonseca JA. Asthma control in children is associated with nasal symptoms, obesity, and health insurance: a nationwide survey. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015; 26:466–473.
Koster ES, Wijga AH, Koppelman GH, et al. Uncontrolled asthma at age 8: the importance of parental perception towards medication. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2011;22:462–468.
Britten N. Patient’s expectations of consultations. BMJ 2004;328:416–417.
Weinberg EG, and Naya I. Treatment preferences of adolescent patients with asthma. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2000;11:49–55.
Koster ES, Philbert D, Winters NA, Bouvy ML. Adolescents' inhaled corticosteroid adherence: the importance of treatment perceptions and medication knowledge. J Asthma 2015;52(4):431-436. https://doi.org/10.3109/02770903.2014.979366
Fromer LM1, Blaiss MS, Jacob-Nara JA, Long RM, Mannion KM, Lauersen LA. Current Allergic Rhinitis Experiences Survey (CARES): Consumers' awareness, attitudes and practices. Allergy Asthma Proc 2014;35(4):307-315. doi: 10.1186/s40733-017-0036-z
Turner RR, Testa MA, Hayes JF, Su M.Validation of the allergic rhinitis treatment satisfaction and preference scale. Allergy Asthma Proc 2013;34(6):551-557. doi: 10.2500/aap.2013.34.3715. Epub 2013 Sep 27.
Koster ES, Philbert D, de Vries TW, van Dijk L, Bouvy ML."I just forget to take it": asthma self-management needs and preferences in adolescents. J Asthma 2015;2:1-7.
Nickels A, and Dimov V. Innovations in technology: social media and mobile technology in the care of adolescents with asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2012;12:607-612.
Panzera AD, Schneider TK, Martinasek MP, Lindenberger JH, Couluris M, Bryant CA, McDermott RJ. Adolescent asthma self-management: patient and parent-caregiver perspectives on using social media to improve care. J Sch Health 2013;83(12):921-930.
Gonzalez-Estrada A, Cuervo-Pardo L, Ghosh B, Smith M, Pazheri F, Zell K, Wang XF, Lang DM. Popular on YouTube: A critical appraisal of the educational quality of information regarding asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc 2015;36(6):121-126.
de Jongh T1, Gurol-Urganci I, Vodopivec-Jamsek V, Car J, Atun R. Mobile phone messaging for facilitating self-management of long-term illnesses. Cochrane database Syst Rev 2012: 12:CD007459.
Paré G, Moqadem K, Pineau G, St-Hilaire C.. Clinical effects of home telemonitoring in the context of diabetes, asthma, heart failure and hypertension: a systematic review. J Med Internet Res 2010; 12(2):e2.
Garner J, and O'Sullivan H. Facebook and the professional behaviors of undergraduate medical students. Clin Teach 2010;7:112–115.
Wang K, Wang C, Xi L, Zhang Y, Ouyang Y, Lou H, Zhang W, Zhang L. A randomized controlled trial to assess adherence to allergic rhinitis treatment following a daily short message service (SMS) via the mobile phone. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2014;163(1):51–58.
Dimov V, and Eidelman F. Utilizing social networks, blogging and YouTube in allergy and immunology practices. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 10:1-4.
Bousquet J, Schunemann HJ, Fonseca J, Samolinski B, Bachert C, Canonica GW, Casale T, Cruz AA, Demoly P, Hellings P, et al. MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel Network for allergic rhinitis (MASK-rhinitis): The new generation guideline implementation. Allergy 2015; 70(11):1372-1392.
Sybilski AJ, Lusawa A, Lipiec A, Piekarska B, Raciborski F, Krzych-Fałta E, Tomaszewska A, Samoliński B. The effects of disease awareness on lifestyle changes and the use of preventive measures in asthma patients. Allergy Asthma Proc 2015;36(2):14-22. doi: 10.2500/aap.2015.36. 3822.
