UTICAJ SOCIODEMOGRAFSKIH FAKTORA NA ISKLJUČIVO DOJENJE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46793/PP260125015BKljučne reči:
dojenje, isključivo dojenje, paritet, porodična podrška, etnička pripadnost, majke, javno zdravljeApstrakt
Uvod: Dojenje ima višestruke pozitivne benefite na zdravlje dece i majki, životnu okolinu i ekonomiju. Na uspeh u dojenju i trajanje dojenja utiču biološki, sociodemografski, kulturološki i psihološki faktori. Shodno tome podrška koju majka dobija od svoje okoline, zdravstvenih radnika, društva i države u znatnoj meri mogu doprineti uspehu i povećanju stope dojenja.
Cilj: Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita učestalost dojenja i identifikuju sociodemografski faktori povezani sa uspehom isključivog dojenja kod žena koje su se porodile tokom 2025. godine na teritoriji opštine Doljevac.
Metodologija: Sprovedena je opservaciona, studija preseka koja je obuhvatila 95 žena koje su se tokom 2025. godine ostvarile kao majke. Analizirani su sledeći faktori: paritet, starost, nivo obrazovanja, način porođaja, podrška partnera i uže porodice, kao i etnička pripadnost. Podaci su analizirani deskriptivnom statistikom i hi-kvadrat testom, dok su za statistički značajne faktore izračunati odds ratio (OR) i 95% interval poverenja (CI). Nivo statističke značajnosti postavljen je na p < 0,05.
Rezultati: Od ukupno 95 ispitanica, 56 (58,9%) je isključivo dojilo svoju decu tokom prvih šest meseci. Statistički značajna povezanost sa uspešnim dojenjem utvrđena je za paritet, podršku porodice i etničku pripadnost. Drugorotke i višerotke imale su značajno veću verovatnoću dojenja u odnosu na prvorotke (OR=4,13; 95% CI: 1,16–14,7). Sve žene koje su imale podršku porodice su dojile, dok nijedna žena bez podrške nije dojila (OR≈0; p<0,001). Žene romske etničke pripadnosti imale su značajno nižu stopu dojenja u poređenju sa neromskom populacijom (OR=0,09; 95% CI: 0,03–0,30). Starost majki, stepen obrazovanja i način porođaja nisu pokazali statistički značajnu povezanost sa uspešnošću dojenja.
Zaključak: Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da su porodična podrška, prethodno iskustvo u majčinstvu i etnička pripadnost ključni faktori uspešnog dojenja. Dobijeni nalazi naglašavaju potrebu za ciljanom edukacijom i jačanjem sistema podrške, posebno kod prvorotki i pripadnica ranjivih društvenih grupa, kako bi se unapredile stope isključivog dojenja.
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