PREGLED AKTUELNIH VAKCINA ZA PROFILAKSU BAKTERIJSKIH INFEKCIJA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46793/PP240214004BKljučne reči:
antibakterijske vakcine, tipovi vakcina, BCG, DTP, HIB, pneumokokna vakcinaApstrakt
Antibakterijske vakcine igraju glavnu ulogu u savremenoj medicini obezbeđujući efikasan pristup u borbi protiv zaraznih bolesti izazvanih bakterijama. Važnost ovih vakcina leži u njihovoj sposobnosti da stimulišu imunski sistem da prepozna i neutrališe bakterijske patogene, ili egzotoksine koje oni proizvode, čime sprečavaju ili ublažavaju ozbiljnost bakterijskih infekcija. Razvoj i široka upotreba antibakterijskih vakcina značajno su doprineli smanjenju globalnog tereta bolesti kao što su pneumonija, meningitis i sepsa.
Danas je globalni porast bolesti koje se mogu sprečiti vakcinama zabrinjavajući trend koji je usko povezan sa pojavom i zagovaranjem politike protiv vakcinacije. Prema poslednjem izveštaju Svetske zdravstvene organizacije, pokrivenost vakcinacijom u Srbiji je opala tokom protekle decenije, što je ugrozilo kolektivni imunitet i dovelo do nedavnih izbijanja bolesti koje se mogu sprečiti vakcinom, poput velikog kašlja i malih boginja. Razumevanje značaja antibakterijskih vakcina naglašava njihov značaj u promovisanju imuniteta pojedinca i zajednice, što na kraju dovodi do zdravije populacije i prevencije rezistencije na antibiotike.
Ovaj rad sumira glavne karakteristike različitih tipova antibakterijskih vakcina, kao što su celo ćelijske vakcine, podjedinične vakcine i toksoidne vakcine, i daje pregled tipova bakterijskih antigena sadržanih u vakcinama dostupnim za obaveznu imunizaciju (vakcine protiv tuberkuloze, difterije, tetanusa, pertusisa, Haemophilus influenzae i pneumoka) ili za neobaveznu imunizaciju (vakcina protiv meningokoka, tifusa i kolere).
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