SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: INATTENTION, HYPERACTIVITY AND IMPULSIVITY
Keywords:
autism, hyperactivity, inattention, irritability, childrenAbstract
Introduction: Symptoms usually associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and ADHD can occur in autism.Pharmacotherapy can reduce hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention and improve functionality in the social, academic and work environment.Symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are present in young people with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) and lead to significant functional impairment. Methylphenidate has been shown to be effective in reducing hyperactivity; however, the magnitude of the effect in children with ASD is generally lower, and the rates of side effects are higher than in typically developing young people. Surprisingly, there is little data on the use of amphetamines in young people with ASD. Prolonged release of guanfacine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of comorbid ADHD. Studies evaluating the effect of clonidine are generally small, but overall show some benefit. Of the various psychostimulants for ADHD, only rapid-release methylphenidate has been studied more in autism.Non-stimulants approved in the United States for the treatment of ADHD are atomoxetine and alpha 2 adrenogenic agonists, clonidine and guanfacine. There are only a few studies that have included these drugs and which are smaller and uncontrolled.Antipsychotic drugs are effective in reducing hyperactivity in autism. However, due to their profile of side effects.their use should be limited to cases where irritability, aggression and self-harm are also present.
Conclusion: This paper presents an overview of research on the pharmacotherapy of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and irritability.
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