HEAD INJURIES IN CHILDHOOD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46793/PP170305010RKeywords:
head injury, contusion, commotion, brain, bleeding, fractures skullAbstract
A significant cause of disability and death in children are head injury. Studies show that the average incidence of clinically significant head injuries in children is 185 per 100,000 children, where the incidence decreases with age. The boys get hurt about two times more often than girls. The mechanism of injury is different. Studies have shown that the age of the child plays an important role in the pathophysiology and outcome of neurotrauma in children. In prenatal injuries most common causes are those that lead to prolonged pressure on the head in the birth canal, such as pelvic presentation of the fetus, cephalopelvic disproportion, prolonged labor or the use of forceps or vacuum extractor during delivery. In the newborn and nurseling period next to falls (from the crib, chair for baby, 'carriers' carts, by him ...) "abusive head trauma" is a significant neurotrauma. At preschool age falls were the most common mechanism of injury to the head, while the falls and car accidents common causes of neurotrauma in children between 4 and 14 years. The dominant cause of head injuries in children aged 14 to 18 years old is motor vehicle accidents. Neurotrauma includes a head contusion, brain contusion and brain commotion.Skull fractures are divided into the vault and breaks the base. Usually there is a free, linear fractures, which are about 30% asymptomatic. The severity of neurotrauma is primarily determined by bleeding and brain injury. To assess the severity of head injuries most commonly used "Glasgow" coma scale (GCS). The purpose of the initial assessment of the condition of the injured is critical. Defining the type and severity of head injuries gives guidelines for the selection of initial therapy, as well as the planning and coordination of other diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
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